Hitopadesha is a collection of ancient Indian fables and moral tales that originated in the 12th century. It was written in Sanskrit by Narayana Pandit, who drew heavily from the Panchatantra, another well-known collection of animal fables. The Hitopadesha aims to impart moral and practical wisdom through engaging stories, making it a popular book for teaching ethics and values.

The word "Hitopadesha" translates to "Beneficial Advice" or "Good Instruction." The text is primarily written in prose, with occasional verses and poetry. It consists of four sections or books, each containing a series of interconnected stories. The tales often feature anthropomorphic animals and revolve around themes such as friendship, wisdom, humility, and the consequences of one's actions.

The Hitopadesha is structured as a conversation between a teacher and his pupils. The wise teacher imparts valuable teachings to the young students, using storytelling as a medium. The stories are not only entertaining but also serve as vehicles for conveying practical wisdom and ethical principles.

The fables in Hitopadesha are known for their simplicity and reliability. They provide insights into human behavior, relationships, and the consequences of choices. The stories often highlight the importance of virtues such as honesty, kindness, perseverance, and humility. Through these tales, the Hitopadesha aims to guide readers toward leading a righteous and fulfilling life.

The popularity of the Hitopadesha spread beyond India, and it has been translated into various languages over the centuries. The fables continue to be cherished for their timeless wisdom and continue to be read and studied by people of all ages.

Overall, the Hitopadesha stands as a classic work of ancient Indian literature, blending storytelling with moral teachings to inspire readers towards virtuous living and ethical decision-making.