| क |
k |
keen, kick |
| ख |
kh |
lockhead, inkhorn |
| ग |
g |
go, gut |
| घ |
gh |
log-hut |
| ङ |
ṅ |
singer |
| च |
c |
chain, church |
| छ |
ch |
catch |
| ज |
j |
judge, jug |
| झ |
jh |
hedgehog |
| ञ |
ñ |
french |
| ट |
ṭ |
ten, tub |
| ठ |
ṭh |
ant-hill |
| ड |
ḍ |
den, dog |
| ढ |
ḍh |
godhood, redhead |
| ण |
ṇ |
under |
| त |
t |
math, thin |
| थ |
th |
thumb, withheld |
| द |
d |
gather, mother, then |
| ध |
dh |
breathe, adhere |
| न |
n |
not, net, nose |
| प |
p |
pen, pat |
| फ |
ph |
loop-hole, shepherd |
| ब |
b |
bn, bun, bag |
| भ |
bh |
abgor |
| म |
m |
mother, man |
| य |
y |
yard, yes, yet |
| य |
y |
yard, yes, yet |
| र |
r |
run, red |
| ल |
l |
luck, life,lid |
| व |
v |
avert, water |
| श |
ś |
sure, deutsche |
| ष |
ṣ |
shoe, ship, show |
| स |
s |
sun, sing, sit |
| ह |
h |
hot, hut, hit |
| ळ |
ḻa |
|
| ज्ञ yajna, jnanam
|
jna |
yajna, jnanam |
|
|
|
| ॐ |
oṁ |
|
| s |
|
s is , a conjunction that indicate अ ( a ); mā+am ṛtat become māsmṛtāt |
| ॒ |
|
Anudatta or falling tone used while reciting Rik Mantras |
| ॑ |
|
Udatta or rising tone used while reciting Rik Mantras |
| ं |
ṃ |
Anusvara is pronounced half m |
| ः |
ḥ |
Visarga is the expirate pronoused depending on the previous vowel |
| क: |
Kaḥ |
kaha |
| वी: |
viḥ |
Kavihi |
| धु: |
dhuḥ |
madhuhu |